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Raised in Newtown, Va., where his parents run a hunt club, Bates says he was “the black sheep.” He composed a piano sonata as a teen and went off to Juilliard in 1995, studying with master orchestrators David Del Tredici and John Corigliano. The latter’s influence was formative; Corigliano taught that orchestral works should concern themselves with big ideas — that the details of a score should flow from the macrocosm. Awards for composition started coming in, one taking Bates in 2003 to Rome, where he explored the club scene, as he did in San Francisco, after he enrolled in the Ph.D. program at UC Berkeley’s Center for New Music and Audio Technology in 2001. Always, his classical and DJ-ing activities “were disjunct parts of my life,” he says. Yet connections emerged: The process of mixing, cross-fading and transforming materials in a three-hour club set bears a relationship to the ways in which Bates stealthily transforms orchestral themes in his large-scale works, blurring and melting sonorities, building and linking landscapes.

“He’s full of life and energy,” says Corigliano, “And if who invented pointe shoes you look at the scores, the detail work and the precision are unlike what you see with most other composers.”, Bates enjoys the electronic wallop of the music, But his latest piece, composed for the St, Paul Chamber Orchestra, is all-acoustic, Titled “Garages of the Valley,” it will attempt to “conjure up the quicksilver world of computing.” He’s listened for inspiration to “Swedish music, great textural composers like Anders Hillborg, I really want to create sounds as wild as that, But I tell you, these first couple of weeks — I don’t know if ‘nervous’ explains it, but I really felt almost down, that I’m not going to get to this idea I’ve got in my head..

Keeping up with the competition requires offering as many services under one roof as possible, said Kewesi Simon, owner of Kinesthetic Exercise Sciences fitness studio in West Oakland. “You want to be a one-stop shop,” he said. Simon said he was able to “niche out” by offering boot camps, muay thai martial arts, women’s self-defense and yoga, with a dance fitness class planned. “That’s how you make it in the industry at this time,” he said. Owners like Simon also have to keep up with the latest exercise fads as well as variations within the staples.

Take Pilates for example, The body conditioning system once occupied a specialized and somewhat exotic domain in the world of step aerobics and stationary bicycles, Now places like Pilates ProWorks on Lakeshore Avenue offer, among several other variations, a bumped-up version that looks to the outsider like who invented pointe shoes a mix between yoga and weight training, “You want to think of this as Pilates on steroids,” instructor Skipp Swoope said, Upstairs, a series of black straps hang from the ceiling for TRX suspension conditioning classes..

Even boxing gyms have varieties, from the classic King’s Boxing Gym on 35th Avenue to Boxing for Health on Santa Clara Avenue. Then there are kickboxing, martial arts and mixed martial arts. On the other end of the spectrum, Hipline on Lakeshore Avenue promises to set “all buns blazing” with classes like Shimmy Pop (“We are gonna move like a pack of wild horses”); Power Pop; and Shimmy Meow (“Get fierce!”). The demand for specialization is driven in large part by professional athletes who are setting the bar for fitness. Pro teams like the Raiders incorporate yoga, Pilates, weightlifting, stretching and anything else in their workouts to help with conditioning.

They want to develop strength and endurance and speed, said Ryan Duke, co-founder and design director of Oakland-based sportswear company Tesh, “The end result is not just to look good,” Duke said, Indeed, niche competition for customers has created an industry of 50 million clients served by about half a million workers, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics figures, Even during the recession the industry expanded, albeit slowly, Operators felt their customers’ financial pain and had to lower prices and offer month-to-month memberships, according to the 2013 IBISWorld’s who invented pointe shoes Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs market research report..

But the industry revenue still grew by 5 percent from 2010 to 2011, while memberships grew by 2.4 percent. In 2012 there were at least 45 million gym memberships nationwide. Some of the growth can be attributed to government obesity-fighting initiatives. Baby boomers and the youngest generation, Generation Z, born after 2000, are taking to the slopes, trails and equipment, according to the Physical Activity Council, a consortium of six sports, fitness, and leisure trade associations. Eclectic, focused studios rather than corporate cookie-cutter places work well in Oakland, said Simon. Take, for instance, God’s Gym on Broadway, which is devoted to the physical and spiritual well-being of members.

The big gyms are nevertheless the major moneymakers in the fitness world, Their overhead is high, but they profit from the swell who invented pointe shoes of seasonal memberships — like around New Year’s — of which about 67 percent will never be used, according to figures collected by Statisticbrain.com, The average amount of gym membership money that goes to waste from underutilization, the site reported, was $39 per person, well over half of the average $55 cost of a monthly gym membership, At least the no-shows alleviate the wait time for machines..